Which group of individuals was primarily affected by the Hopwood decision in Texas?

The Hopwood decision, resulting from a case decided in 1996, primarily impacted African American and Hispanic students in Texas. This landmark ruling determined that the use of race in admissions decisions at state universities was unconstitutional, effectively ending affirmative action policies that aimed to increase diversity within higher education institutions. As a result, this decision disproportionately affected students of color, particularly those who were seeking admission to universities like the University of Texas at Austin. The ruling led to significant changes in how colleges and universities admitted students, aiming to ensure admissions processes were race-neutral. The aftermath of the Hopwood decision has continued to influence discussions surrounding educational equity and access for underrepresented groups in Texas.