Which term describes the policy-making process where most changes are gradual?

The term that describes the policy-making process where most changes are gradual is incremental change. This concept emphasizes that policy adjustments often occur in small, manageable steps rather than through significant, abrupt shifts. Incremental change acknowledges the complexities and nuances in the political landscape, suggesting that stakeholders typically prefer to adjust existing policies slightly rather than pursue sweeping reforms, which can be more contentious and harder to implement.

This approach allows for experimentation and adaptation over time, as policymakers can assess the impacts of minor adjustments before deciding to modify or expand policies further. The incremental nature of change also reflects the gradual evolution of societal values, preferences, and circumstances, making it a practical strategy in governance.

In contrast, the other terms represent different aspects of policy-making dynamics. Punctuated equilibrium refers to periods of stability in policy followed by sudden, significant changes, which contrasts with the gradual nature of incremental adjustments. Multiple streams theory suggests that policy change occurs when different "streams" of problems, solutions, and political factors converge, leading to more sudden shifts rather than gradual changes. Policy feedback theory focuses on how existing policies shape future political dynamics and behavior, rather than directly describing the rate or nature of policy change.